Aluminiumku waa birta ugu badan ee qolofka dhulka. Waa birta aan-ferrous ee leh wax soo saarka iyo isticmaalka labaad ee ugu weyn adduunka kadib birta. Waxay leedahay cufnaanta hoose, qiyaastii 1/3 ee birta. Maadaama aluminium saafi ah uu jilicsan yahay oo uu leeyahay awood hoose, sidaas darteed, adoo ku daraya qadar yar oo ah walxaha sida magnesium, copper, zinc, silicon, iyo lithium aluminium, waxqabadka aluminium aluminium ayaa ka fiican. Alloys aluminium waa qalabka ugu badan ee loo isticmaalo biraha qaab-dhismeedka biraha nonferrous warshadaha sababtoo ah sifooyin farsamo oo aad u fiican iyo iska caabin daxalka. Waxa si weyn loogu isticmaalay dhismaha, hawada sare, baabuurta, wax soo saarka mishiinada, samaynta maraakiibta iyo warshadaha kiimikada.
Alwaaxyada aluminiumku waxay leeyihiin sifooyin aad u wanaagsan xagga makaanikada iyo kimistariga:
① dhinacyada farsamada, oo inta badan ka muuqda cufnaanta hoose, xoogga sare, modules sare, iwm.
② Marka la eego sifooyinka kiimikada, maadaama aluminium aluminiumku uu samayn karo filim cufan oo oksijiin ah oo ku yaal dusha sare ee hawada, waxay ka ilaalin kartaa nafteeda oksaydhka qoto dheer. Sidaa darteed, waxay leedahay caabbinta daxalka oo aad u fiican iyo ka kooban kiimiko aad u deggan.
③Aluminium daawaha waxa uu leeyahay caag wanaagsan oo lagu farsamayn karaa profiles kala duwan. Waxay leedahay koronto iyo kulayl aad u fiican. Sidaa darteed, si weyn ayaa looga isticmaalaa warshadaha, isticmaalkeeduna waa kan labaad ee kaliya ee birta.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira in ka badan 250 aluminium aluminium ah oo leh noocyo kala duwan oo warshadaha ah. Si loo fududeeyo kala-soocidda, marka loo eego noocyada kala duwan ee daawaha, Shiinuhu wuxuu qaataa habka kala-soocidda darajada afar-god ee caalamiga ah ee la aqbalay si loo fududeeyo calaamadaynta goobta wax-soo-saarka, xusuusta iyo maareynta xisaabinta. Aluminium aluminium ee loo isticmaalo warshadaha militariga inta badan waxaa ka mid ah aluminium-lithium alloys, 2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) taxane iyo 7XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah.
Baahida suuqa iyo isbeddelka horumarinta ee agabyada daawaha aluminiumka ee kala duwan
2XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah
2XXX (A1-Cu-Mg) aluminium aluminium taxane ah ayaa leh xoog cufan, adag iyo daal, iska caabin kulayl wanaagsan, farsamaynta iyo alxanka, waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalaa hawada, baabuurta iyo warshadaha hubka. Darajooyinka ugu muhiimsan waa 2A01, 2A02, 2A06, 2A11, 2A12, iwm
Moodooyinka qalabka Shiinaha ayaa ku soo koraya jihada miisaanka khafiifka ah, nolosha dheer, kalsoonida sare iyo qiimaha jaban, waxayna leeyihiin shuruudo sare oo loogu talagalay adkaanta jabka, caabbinta faafinta dillaaca iyo iska caabinta daxalka ee walxaha maqaarka fuselage. Iyada oo ku saleysan 2024-T351 aluminium aluminium saxan qaro weyn, waddamo shisheeye ah ayaa soo saaray 2324, 2624 iyo aluminium kale oo waxyeello sare leh oo loogu talagalay dusha sare ee garabka hoose oo leh xoog kala duwan, adag, daal iyo iska caabin daxalka, waxayna ku guuleysteen rakibaadda iyo codsiga. Shiinuhu wuxuu horumarinayaa dulqaadka waxyeelada sare leh ee 2XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah. Mustaqbalka, microalloying-ka isku-dhafka ah ayaa noqon doona jihada horumarineed ee muhiimka ah ee Al-Cu-Mg aluminium aluminium ah oo xooggan oo xooggan.
4XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, eutectic iyo hypoeutectic Al-Si alloys waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa pistons baabuurta gudaha Shiinaha. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyada oo la hagaajinayo joogtada ah ee shuruudaha waxqabadka engine, way adagtahay in la buuxiyo shuruudaha waxqabadka. Al-Si daawaha Hypereutectic wuxuu leeyahay cufnaanta hoose, iskudar ballaarinta toosan oo yar, iska caabin sare oo xirashada iyo xasilloonida mugga, waana wax piston ah oo aad ugu fiican marka la barbar dhigo eutectic Al-Si alloys. Al-Si Alloy pistons-ka Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy pistons ayaa si ballaaran loo soo saaray dibadda waxaana lagu dabaqay gawaarida iyo baabuurta, sida A390 alloy ee Maraykanka, AC9A iyo AC8A (ZL109) Alloys ee Japan, iyo A390 alloy ee Australia. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, hadda waxaa jira warshado yar oo Shiinaha ah oo soo saara pistons-ka Al-Si alloy hypereutectic, badankooduna waxay ku tiirsan yihiin soo dejinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira farqi weyn oo u dhexeeya qalabka aluminium turbocharger baabuurta iyo dalalka shisheeye. Aluminium aluminium turbocharger baabuurta waxqabadka sare leh waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin Japan iyo wadamada kale. Sidaa darteed, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in la horumariyo qalabka muhiimka ah ee aluminium aluminium baabuurta ah ee loogu talagalay pistons-ka waxqabadka sare leh iyo mashiinnada turbocharger.
5XXX Taxanaha Aluminium Aloys
Al-Mg Alloys, gaar ahaan Al-Mg Alloys leh maado Mg sare, waxay leeyihiin xoog gaar ah oo sarreeya, alxanka wanaagsan iyo iska caabin daxalka, oo waxay noqon doontaa qalab aad loogu tartamo mustaqbalka hawada, tareenada xawaaraha sare leh, badaha iyo beeraha kale. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, al-Mg alloy plates, profiles iyo fiilooyinka alxanka ee hawada, tareenada, badaha iyo codsiyada kale inta badan waxay ku tiirsan yihiin soo dejinta. Suuqa siliga alxanka ee dhamaadka-sare waxaa asal ahaan ka kooban ALCOA gudaha Mareykanka. Alaabooyinka ER5183 iyo ER5356 waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin soo dejinta, mugga soo dejinta ayaa xisaabiya ilaa 70% iibkooda. Al-Mg Alloys-ka maraakiibta waxay inta badan ku tiirsan yihiin Ruushka. Gawaarida caadiga ah ee alwaaxyada leh Mg sare waxay leeyihiin dendrites si wanaagsan u horumaray, kala soocida wejiga eutectic daran, iyo qaabdhismeed liita. Hababka wax-soo-saarka ee hadda jira ayaa weli leh dhibaatooyin badan, sida waxqabad hooseeya, tayada muuqata oo liidata, geeddi-socod dheer, tayada aan degganayn, iyo wax-soo-saarka hooseeya. Xoojinta degdega ah iyo samaynta waxay joojin kartaa roobabka Mg, isla mar ahaantaana waa la xakameyn karaa si loo helo kiristaalo isku mid ah oo siman iyo wejiyada nano-dejinta, si weyn u wanaajiya waxqabadka iyo isku-duubnaanta walxaha. Sidaa darteed, horumarinta xoojinta degdegga ah ee degdegga ah ee joogtada ah ee rheological extrusion iyo tiknoolajiyada duubista ee waxqabadka sare ee Al-Mg Alloys ayaa la filayaa inay daboolaan baahida tayada sare ee Al-Mg Alloys.
6XXX Taxanaha Aluminium Aloys
6XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah walxaha muhiimka ah ee beeraha tareenka tareenka, baabuurta, elektarooniga ah, iwm Tan iyo 1980-meeyadii, dalalka horumaray iyo gobollada sida Europe, Maraykanka, iyo Japan ayaa soo saaray aluminium alloys baabuurta, darajooyin diiwaangashan sida 6009, 6016, 6010, 6111, iyo 6022 nidaamka wax soo saarka iyo 6022 ayaa la sameeyay. Baaburta jidhka baabuurta, extrusions, foornada, iwm. Cilmi-baarista warshadaynta iyo horumarinta 6XXX taxane alwaaxyada jirka ee aluminium iyo foornada ee Shiinaha ayaa hadda bilaabay, waxaana jira farqi cad. Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada Shiinaha ayaa soo jeedisay in xaashida daawaha aluminium automotive in la horumariyo yihiin: 6016-S, 6016-IH, 6016-IBR, 6A16-S, 6A16-IBR, 6022, iwm The caadiga ah 6XXX taxane ah oo aan ka yarayn xaashida aluminium ah, aan ka yarayn A525 qiimaha 0.60, 60 d baarkinku wuxuu dhalinayaa xoog Rp0.2 oo aan ka yarayn 140 N/mm2 iyo adkaynta rinjiga kordhinta xoogga wax-soosaarka oo aan ka yarayn 80 N/mm2. Iyada oo laga jawaabayo baahiyo kala duwan, horumarinta naqshadaynta, diyaarinta iyo farsamada farsamada ee 6XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah ayaa noqday isbeddel lama huraan ah oo horumarineed.
7XXX Taxanaha Aluminium Aloys
7XXX taxanayaal aluminium aluminium ah ayaa leh iska caabin daxalka walaaca oo wanaagsan waana taxanaha ugu xoogan aluminium aluminium. Caalam ahaan waxaa loo aqoonsan yahay inay yihiin agabka laf dhabarta duulista. Dhawaan, wadamada shisheeye waxay soo saareen 7055 aluminium (Al8Zn-2.05Mg-2.3Cu-0.16Zr), kuwaas oo culeyska wax soo saarku uu ka badan yahay 620 MPa ee gobolka T77511. Waxaa loo isticmaalaa diyaaradaha Boeing 777 waxayna hoos u dhigtaa miisaanka 635 kg. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, Shiinaha waxaa ka maqan naqshadeynta iyo diyaarinta iyo farsamaynta farsamada ee 7XXX taxane aluminium aluminium ah oo loogu talagalay duulista, iyo alaabooyinka qaarkood waxay si buuxda ugu tiirsan yihiin soo dejinta. Sababo la xiriira ingots baaxad weyn ee 7XXX taxane aluminium aluminium oo leh walxo badan oo aluminium ah, kala duwanaansho ballaaran oo adag, walbahaarka tuurista waaweyn, iyo oksaydhka fudud / kala soocida walxaha aluminiumka ah, tayada birta ah ee galalka ayaa liidata iyo heerkulka qolka qaabaynta waxqabadka waa hooseeyaa, waa muhiimad weyn si loo horumariyo aluminium cusub oo taxane ah oo 7XXX ah.
Aluminium-lithium (Al-Li) daawaha
Aluminium-lithium alloy waa alaabta ugu dhaqsaha badan u koraysa ee qalabka duulista sannadihii u dambeeyay. Waxay leedahay sifooyinka cufnaanta hoose, modules laastikada sare, qallafsanaanta gaarka ah ee sare, waxqabadka daalka wanaagsan, iyo iska caabinta daxalka. Ka dib markii la beddelo aluminium aluminium caadiga ah, cufnaanta waa la dhimi karaa 10% ~ 20% iyo adkaanta waxaa lagu kordhin karaa 15% ~ 20%. Horraantii qarnigii 21aad, shirkadda American ALCOA waxay bilawday "ALCOA Aviation 20/20 Plan", iyada oo ujeedadu tahay in la dhimo qiimaha iyo miisaanka aluminium aluminium ee duulista 20% midkiiba 20 sano gudahood. Constellium waxay soo saartay 2050 iyo 2198 aluminium-lithium alloys (Al-Cu-Li-Mg-Ag) oo leh cufnaanta hoose, adagaanta sare iyo dulqaadka dhaawaca sare. Waxaa jira darajooyin Al-Li alloy aad u yar oo si madax banaan loogu sameeyay Shiinaha, kaliya 1420 alloy ayaa la isticmaalay. Aluminium-lithium alloy-ka loo isticmaalo diyaaradda rakaabka ee C919 waxaa bixiya Alcoa. Gudaha, kaliya darajooyinka daawaynta xaddidan sida 1420, 2195, 2197, iyo 2A97 ayaa la soo saari karaa, iyo ingots-ku waa kaliya ingots siman oo ka hooseeya ((310 ~ 400) × 1280 × 4000) mm iyo wareegyada wareega ee ka hooseeya φ650 mm. Ingots Flat (2B16) oo leh dhumuc ka badan 60 mm iyo ballac ka badan 1500 mm, iyo ingots (2B16) oo leh dhexroor ka badan 1500 mm berrinkii codsiyada duulimaadka sare ee aan weli la soo saarin si warshadaysan. Sidaa darteed, waa muhiimad weyn in la horumariyo naqshadaynta aluminium-lithium-ga cusub, diyaarinta ingot ultra-weyn iyo farsamada farsamaynta qoto dheer.
Aluminium aluminium kulayl u adkaysta
Aluminium aluminium kulaylka u adkaysta waa agabka aasaasiga ah ee muhiimka ah ee dhinacyada hawada hawada, baabuurta, gaadiidka tareenka, iwm. iyadoo la xakameynayo walxaha sida Si, Fe, Ni, Ag, iyo dhulalka naadir ah si ay u sameeyaan aluminium aluminium u adkaysta oksaydhka iyo gurguurta heerkulka sare. Aluminium aluminium kuleyl dhaqameed oo kuleyl ah waxaa ka mid ah: 2519, 2618, 2219, 2D70, iwm. Iyadoo horumarinta degdega ah ee warshadaha hawada iyo baabuurta, shuruudaha sare ayaa lagu dhejiyaa aluminium aluminium kulaylka u adkaysta. Jiilka cusub ee diyaaradaha dagaalku waxa ay leeyihiin xawli sare oo xawli ku socda,waxana heerkulka shaqada ee maqaarka fuushanku uu ka sareeyaa 150°C. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, heerkulka isticmaalka muddada-dheer ee aluminium aluminium kulayl u adkaysta sida 2618 iyo 2D70 ayaa ka hooseeya 150 ° C. Waa lama huraan in la sameeyo aluminiumyada aluminium ee kulaylka u adkaysta.
Al-Sc alloy oo ay ku jiraan scandium (Sc) aadka u hooseeya
Al-Sc alloy wuxuu leeyahay sifooyin aad u fiican sida xoog sare, caag wanaagsan iyo iska caabin daxalka, wuxuuna noqday jiil cusub oo walxaha khafiifka ah ee hawada hawada, maraakiibta, iwm kadib Al-Li alloy. Awooda adkaysiga Al-Mg daawaha ay ku jiraan cadadka raadraaca ee scandium waa 30% ka sarreeya ta 5083 daawaha, xoog waxsoosaarkuna wuu ka badan yahay labanlaab. Weldability-keedu wuxuu la mid yahay kan caadiga ah ee 5XXX-ga caadiga ah, sifooyinka farsamada ee aagga kulaylku saameeyay iyo alxanka waxay la siman yihiin kuwa matrixka, iyo iska caabbinta daxalka waxay la mid tahay tan 5083 aluminium. Beddelida 5XXX ama 6XXX Alloys taxane ah ee soo saarista qaybaha hawada waxay gaari kartaa saameyn dhimis miisaan oo la taaban karo, sidoo kale waa walxo sare oo loogu talagalay baabuurta iyo gawaarida tareenada. Ruushku waxa uu safka hore kaga jiraa dhanka horumarinta aluminium-ka Scandium-ka ku jira, waxa aanu sameeyay Al-Mg-Sc, Al-Mg-Li-Sc, Al-Zn-MgSc, Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc, iyo Al-Cu-Mg-Sc Alloys oo leh 0.18% ~0.5% Scandium. Si kor loogu qaado codsiga aluminium-scandium aluminium ee hawada iyo baabuurta, Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada Shiinaha ee Shiinaha ayaa liis garaysay scandium-ka kooban aluminium aluminium sida mid ka mid ah qalabka cusub ee horumarinta mudnaanta leh. Shiinuhu wuxuu qani ku yahay kheyraadka scandium wuxuuna dhisay khad wax soo saar oo nadiif ah oo aad u sarreeya oo loo yaqaan 'Scandium oxide', kaas oo dhidibbada u taagay horumarinta aluminium-scandium alloys.
500 MPa aluminium aluminium aluminium ah oo baabuurta lagu dhejiyo
Wali waxaa jira meel banaan oo shaabad ah oo kulul oo ku dhufatey agabka daawaha aluminiumka sare ee Shiinaha. Isku darka alaabta cusub iyo horumarinta habka cusub ee samaynta cusub waa hab wax ku ool ah si loo xalliyo dhibaatada ka mid ah qaybaha baabuurta aluminium aluminium awood sare. Diirada saarista 7XXX Alloys taxane ah, si firfircoon u sahaminta 2XXX alloys, iyo horumarinta 500 MPa agab aluminium aluminium ah oo loogu talagalay shaabadeynta kulul waxay leeyihiin rajooyin muhiim ah oo lagu soo saari karo qaybo baabuur oo qaabaysan.
Aluminium-ku-saleysan walxaha isku-dhafan
Saxan isku dhafan oo isku dhafan oo aluminium-bir ah: Isku xirka waxtarka leh ee ka dhexeeya aluminium iyo sagxadaha birta ayaa noqday mid ka mid ah caqabadaha fududaynta qaababka sare ee maraakiibta waaweyn. Isku-gudbinta aluminium-birta isku-dhafka ah ee isku-dhafka ah ee loo isticmaalo alxanka inta u dhaxaysa aluminium iyo qolofyada birta ayaa bixiya xal lagu beddelayo habka roodhida dhaqameed. Honda waxa ay samaysay tignoolajiyada isku xidhka birta iyo aluminiumka taas oo loo isticmaali doono caalamka oo dhan in lagu sameeyo gawaadhida baabuurta la soo saaro. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, isku-dhafka aluminium-birta isku-dhafka ah ee loo isticmaalo Shiinaha ayaa inta badan laga keenaa dibadda, iyada oo qiimihiisu yahay 4 × 10 5 CNY / t. Maraakiibta mustaqbalka ee baaxadda weyn, heerkulka alxanka sare, culeyska culeyska weyn, iyo isku xirnaanta xooggan ayaa looga baahan yahay kala-goysyada kala-guurka, iyo kala-goysyada aluminium-birta waxqabadka sare ayaa si degdeg ah loogu baahan yahay.
Waqtiga boostada: Mar-08-2025
